{"id":3697,"date":"2023-05-11T10:31:59","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T08:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.0.3.10\/?p=3697"},"modified":"2024-03-13T11:38:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T10:38:37","slug":"ake-zmeny-prinasa-novela-zakona-o-ochrane-oznamovatelov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/10.0.3.10\/en\/ake-zmeny-prinasa-novela-zakona-o-ochrane-oznamovatelov\/","title":{"rendered":"Najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie zmeny, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a novela z\u00e1kona o\u202fochrane oznamovate\u013eov"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3697\" class=\"elementor elementor-3697\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74712d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74712d4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-094d6ba\" data-id=\"094d6ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9fd7ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9fd7ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.6 - 08-06-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Okruh whistleblowerov, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 ochranu \u0161t\u00e1tu sa roz\u0161\u00edri. Zv\u00fd\u0161ia sa aj viacer\u00e9 pokuty za poru\u0161ovanie z\u00e1kona o\u202fochrane oznamovate\u013eov. Tieto a\u202f\u010fal\u0161ie zmeny prin\u00e1\u0161a novela, ktor\u00fa 10. m\u00e1ja 2023 schv\u00e1lili poslanci v parlamente. Udialo sa tak po vy\u0161e roku, odkedy Eur\u00f3pska komisia pohrozila Slovensku sankciou za to, \u017ee me\u0161k\u00e1 s transpoz\u00edciu eur\u00f3pskej smernice.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p>Aj ke\u010f je nutn\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee oproti ostatn\u00fdm 14 \u010dlensk\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, ktor\u00e9 rovnako s\u202ft\u00fdmto procesom me\u0161kali, sme v\u202fdoteraz platnom z\u00e1kone \u010d. 54\/2019 Z. z. o\u202fochrane oznamovate\u013eov mali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch pravidiel upraven\u00fdch, spolu so zriadenou nez\u00e1vislou in\u0161tit\u00faciou na prij\u00edmanie ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a ochranu oznamovate\u013eov.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>Slovensko sa vyhlo \u017ealobe<\/h3><p>Eur\u00f3pska smernica v\u0161ak nebola do slovensk\u00e9ho vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tneho pr\u00e1vneho poriadku transponovan\u00e1 v plnej miere. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu Eur\u00f3pska komisia za\u010dala v roku 2022 vo\u010di Slovensku tzv. infringement procedure, teda konanie o poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich z pr\u00e1va \u00danie. Slovensko 27. janu\u00e1ra vyzvala, aby informovalo, v akom stave je transpoz\u00edcia eur\u00f3pskej smernice. N\u00e1sledne 15. j\u00fala poslala Vl\u00e1de Slovenskej republiky od\u00f4vodnen\u00e9 stanovisko \u2013 form\u00e1lnu \u017eiados\u0165 o dodr\u017eiavanie pr\u00e1va E\u00da, ktor\u00e9 predch\u00e1dza \u017ealobe na S\u00fadny dvor.\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Vl\u00e1da SR schv\u00e1lila n\u00e1vrh novely z\u00e1kona o ochrane oznamovate\u013eov 9. novembra 2022. N\u00e1sledne bola predlo\u017een\u00e1\u202fN\u00e1rodnej rade SR, kde ju poslanci 20. decembra posunuli do druh\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania, a tak sa Slovensko ku konca roku 2022 vyhlo \u017ealobe zo strany Eur\u00f3pskej komisie.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Term\u00edn na transpoz\u00edciu smernice do n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnych poriadkov \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov bol\u202f smernicou stanoven\u00fd na 17. december 2021. Na Slovensku k\u202ftomu do\u0161lo v stredu.<\/p><p>Gestorom tohto procesu bol \u00darad vl\u00e1dy SR. \u00darad na ochranu oznamovate\u013eov (\u00daOO) bol pri noveliz\u00e1cii z\u00e1kona n\u00e1pomocn\u00fd nielen prin\u00e1\u0161an\u00edm poznatkov z\u202fpraxe o\u202fuplat\u0148ovan\u00ed z\u00e1kona, ale aj konkr\u00e9tnymi legislat\u00edvnymi n\u00e1vrhmi.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>Najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie zmeny v z\u00e1kone<\/h3><p>Novela prin\u00e1\u0161a viacero z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch zmien v\u202fagende ochrany oznamovate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed v\u202fpr\u00e1ci upozornia na nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Prin\u00e1\u0161ame preh\u013ead t\u00fdch najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161\u00edch:\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3fdb2f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3fdb2f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af3926b\" data-id=\"af3926b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-992466e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"992466e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1.<\/strong> Roz\u0161\u00edrenie pojmu oznamovate\u013e a\u202ft\u00fdm aj os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu po\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ochranu v\u202fzmysle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 54\/2019 Z. z.. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee okrem oznamovate\u013eov v pracovnopr\u00e1vnom vz\u0165ahu sa z\u00e1konn\u00e1 ochrana bude vz\u0165ahova\u0165 aj na oznamovate\u013eov vo vz\u0165ahu obdobnom pracovnopr\u00e1vnemu (napr.\u202f\u202f\u010dlen org\u00e1nu pr\u00e1vnickej osoby, \u010dinnos\u0165 SZ\u010cO, odborn\u00e1 prax, dobrovo\u013en\u00edk, zmluvn\u00fd partner). \u202f\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>2.<\/strong> Na podnet \u00daOO aj roz\u0161\u00edrenie okruhu trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa predstavova\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fa protispolo\u010densk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165, teda bude za ich ozn\u00e1menie mo\u017en\u00e9 oznamovate\u013eovi poskytn\u00fa\u0165 ochranu. Ide o plo\u0161n\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie hornej hranice trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov z troch na dva roky a tie\u017e o explicitn\u00e9 vymenovanie trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov, za ktor\u00e9 bude takisto mo\u017en\u00e9 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 ochranu, hoci v z\u00e1kladnej skutkovej podstate trest od\u0148atia slobody nepresahuje dva roky (napr. ohrozovanie zdravia nepovolen\u00fdmi liekmi, lie\u010divami a zdravotn\u00edckymi pom\u00f4ckami, kr\u00e1de\u017e \u010di marenie konkurzn\u00e9ho konania).\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>3.<\/strong> Po novom u\u017e bude mo\u017en\u00e9 ozn\u00e1mi\u0165 aj skuto\u010dnosti spojen\u00e9 s obchodn\u00fdm tajomstvom. Nebude to pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za poru\u0161enie z\u00e1kona a\u202fna oznamovate\u013eov tak\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed sa bude vz\u0165ahova\u0165 ochrana v\u202fzmysle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 54\/2019 Z. z..\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>4.<\/strong> Zv\u00fd\u0161enie pokuty z\u202f2 000 eur na 6 000 eur v\u202fpr\u00edpade, \u017ee fyzick\u00e1 osoba:\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>a) hroz\u00ed odvetn\u00fdm opatren\u00edm, pok\u00fasi sa o odvetn\u00e9 opatrenie alebo postihne oznamovate\u013ea odvetn\u00fdm opatren\u00edm v s\u00favislosti s uroben\u00edm ozn\u00e1menia,\u202f\u202f <br \/>b) poru\u0161\u00ed povinnos\u0165 zachov\u00e1va\u0165 ml\u010danlivos\u0165 o toto\u017enosti oznamovate\u013ea alebo o toto\u017enosti dotknutej osoby, alebo\u202f\u202f <br \/>c) sa pok\u00fasi zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 alebo br\u00e1ni urobeniu ozn\u00e1menia.\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>V novele je o\u0161etren\u00e9 aj pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 opakovanie tak\u00e9hoto spr\u00e1vania vo\u010di oznamovate\u013eovi. Ak sa zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e v priebehu nasleduj\u00facich dvoch rokoch od prv\u00e9ho konania znova dopust\u00ed odvety, \u00farad mu bude m\u00f4c\u0165 ulo\u017ei\u0165 dvojn\u00e1sobok prvej pokuty, maxim\u00e1lne 12 000 eur.\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>5.<\/strong> Zavedenie pokuty do 100 000 eur zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eovi (pr\u00e1vnickej osobe), ktor\u00fd urob\u00ed vo\u010di oznamovate\u013eovi pracovnopr\u00e1vny \u00fakon bez s\u00fahlasu \u00faradu, hroz\u00ed odvetn\u00fdm opatren\u00edm\u202f oznamovate\u013eovi, pok\u00fasi sa o odvetn\u00e9 opatrenie alebo postihne\u202f odvetn\u00fdm opatren\u00edm oznamovate\u013ea v s\u00favislosti s podan\u00edm ozn\u00e1menia. Tie\u017e zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd zamestn\u00e1va najmenej 250 zamestnancov a poru\u0161il niektor\u00fa zo\u202fz\u00e1konn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov oznamovania.\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>6.<\/strong> Zavedenie pokuty do 50 000 eur zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd nie je org\u00e1nom verejnej moci a zamestn\u00e1va najmenej 50 zamestnancov a menej ako 250 zamestnancov alebo zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd je org\u00e1nom verejnej moci a zamestn\u00e1va najmenej 5 zamestnancov a menej ako 250 zamestnancov, ktor\u00fd poru\u0161il niektor\u00fa zo z\u00e1konn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu preverovania ozn\u00e1men\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>7.<\/strong> Zavedenie pokuty do 30 000 eur pre zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd neprijal opatrenia na odstr\u00e1nenie nedostatkov zisten\u00fdch pri kontrole plnenia povinnost\u00ed z\u00e1kona alebo nepredlo\u017eil \u00faradu p\u00edsomn\u00fa spr\u00e1vu o opatreniach prijat\u00fdch na odstr\u00e1nenie zisten\u00fdch nedostatkov.\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>8.<\/strong> Roz\u0161\u00edrenie povinn\u00fdch os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa musie\u0165 ma\u0165 zaveden\u00fd vn\u00fatorn\u00fd syst\u00e9m oznamovania aj o\u202fzamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov,\u202fktor\u00ed poskytuj\u00fa finan\u010dn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, slu\u017eby v\u202foblasti bezpe\u010dnosti dopravy alebo slu\u017eby v\u202foblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho\u202fprostredia.\u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>9.<\/strong> Zavedenie \u202fjednozna\u010dnej povinnosti pre zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov ma\u0165 zodpovedn\u00fa osobu za preverovanie ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a komunik\u00e1ciu s oznamovate\u013eom z radov svojich zamestnancov. Tzv. outsourcing, resp. extern\u00e9 plnenie povinnost\u00ed zodpovednej osoby nebude mo\u017en\u00e9. Ak si s\u00fakromn\u00e9 firmy s po\u010dtom zamestnancov ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm ako 250 zazmluvnia tretiu stranu na preverovanie ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, bud\u00fa musie\u0165 ma\u0165 aj na svojom pracovisku ur\u010den\u00fa osobu zodpovedn\u00fa za preverenie ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu s oznamovate\u013eom. \u202f\u202f<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>10.<\/strong> Explicitn\u00e9 pomenovania extern\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov, teda org\u00e1nov pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch na prijatie ozn\u00e1menia o\u202fprotispolo\u010denskej \u010dinnosti. Bud\u00fa nimi \u00farad, prokurat\u00fara a spr\u00e1vne org\u00e1ny, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eu ude\u013eova\u0165 status chr\u00e1nen\u00e9ho oznamovate\u013ea. \u202f\u202f<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b8ff46 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b8ff46\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e774f43\" data-id=\"e774f43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b8b99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00b8b99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie zmeny, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a novela a ktor\u00e9 treba spomen\u00fa\u0165, patr\u00ed napr\u00edklad z\u00e1kaz odvety aj vo\u010di \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed poskytli oznamovate\u013eovi pomoc v\u202fs\u00favislosti s\u202fozn\u00e1men\u00edm a\u202fvo\u010di tzv. zodpovedn\u00fdm osob\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 na pracovisku preveruj\u00fa intern\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menia.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Tie\u017e sa zadefinoval pojem odvetn\u00e9 opatrenia a\u202fkonkr\u00e9tne sa ako typy odviet vymenovali v\u00fdpove\u010f, skon\u010denie sk\u00fa\u0161obnej doby alebo nepred\u013a\u017eenie pracovn\u00e9ho pomeru na dobu neur\u010dit\u00fa, odvolanie, preradenie na ni\u017e\u0161iu poz\u00edciu alebo odmietnutie pov\u00fd\u0161enia a zmena pracovn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed, \u010dasu alebo miesta v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce. Odviet vo\u010di oznamovate\u013eovi v\u0161ak v praxi m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 viac a\u202faj doteraj\u0161ia prax \u00faradu uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee zamestn\u00e1vatelia vedia by\u0165 v\u202ftomto smere kreat\u00edvni.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Za zmienku stoj\u00ed aj \u00faprava lehoty na obozn\u00e1menie oznamovate\u013ea s\u202fv\u00fdsledkom preverenia jeho podnetu. Doteraz tak mohol zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e urobi\u0165 do 10 dn\u00ed od preverenia ozn\u00e1menia, po novom tak bude musie\u0165 urobi\u0165 do 90 dn\u00ed od potvrdenia prijatia ozn\u00e1menia. Teda v\u202fr\u00e1mci lehoty, ktor\u00fa m\u00e1 aj na preverenie ozn\u00e1menia.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Novela nadob\u00fada \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 1. j\u00fala 2023, niektor\u00e9 jej ustanovenia, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa intern\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov oznamovania a sankci\u00ed, nadob\u00fadaj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnosti 1.\u202fseptembra 2023.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dfca939 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dfca939\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d023e8c\" data-id=\"d023e8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okruh whistleblowerov, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 ochranu \u0161t\u00e1tu sa roz\u0161\u00edri. Zv\u00fd\u0161ia sa aj viacer\u00e9 pokuty za poru\u0161ovanie z\u00e1kona o\u202fochrane oznamovate\u013eov. Tieto a\u202f\u010fal\u0161ie zmeny prin\u00e1\u0161a novela, ktor\u00fa 10. m\u00e1ja 2023 schv\u00e1lili poslanci v parlamente. Udialo sa tak po vy\u0161e roku, odkedy Eur\u00f3pska komisia pohrozila Slovensku sankciou za to, \u017ee me\u0161k\u00e1 s transpoz\u00edciu eur\u00f3pskej smernice. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[32,10],"tags":[34],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie zmeny, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a novela z\u00e1kona o\u202fochrane oznamovate\u013eov<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si, ak\u00e9 novinky prin\u00e1\u0161a noveliz\u00e1cia z\u00e1kona o ochrane whistleblowerov. 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