{"id":8414,"date":"2025-10-13T10:37:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T08:37:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.0.3.7\/?p=8414"},"modified":"2025-10-13T10:44:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T08:44:12","slug":"konanie-v-dobrej-viere-neznamena-s-dobrym-umyslom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/10.0.3.7\/en\/konanie-v-dobrej-viere-neznamena-s-dobrym-umyslom\/","title":{"rendered":"Konanie v\u00a0dobrej viere neznamen\u00e1 s\u00a0dobr\u00fdm \u00famyslom"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Predstavte si, \u017ee vo va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ci dostanete anonymn\u00fd e-mail s\u00a0inform\u00e1ciou, \u017ee jeden zo zamestnancov fal\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty produktov. Nesk\u00f4r sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee e-mail poslal in\u00fd kolega, ktor\u00fd s n\u00edm m\u00e1 dlhodob\u00fd konflikt a\u00a0obvinen\u00edm mu chcel u\u0161kodi\u0165. Dokonca sa povr\u00e1va, \u017ee by ho r\u00e1d nahradil na jeho pracovnej poz\u00edcii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ot\u00e1zka znie: m\u00e1 by\u0165 ozn\u00e1menie ignorovan\u00e9 len preto, \u017ee jeho autor konal z\u00a0nevra\u017eivosti a nie preto, aby ochr\u00e1nil bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 va\u0161ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov? Je jeho ne\u010destn\u00fd z\u00e1mer rovnako podstatn\u00fd ako ot\u00e1zka, \u010di s\u00fa jeho tvrdenia pravdiv\u00e9? Ak sa s\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi certifik\u00e1tmi naozaj manipuluje, nie je d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie situ\u00e1ciu preveri\u0165, n\u00e1js\u0165 vinn\u00edka a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomu, aby sa tak\u00e9to poru\u0161enia pravidiel mohli v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti opakova\u0165?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ako definujeme dobr\u00fa vieru<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pojem dobr\u00e1 viera, po latinsky bona fides, vystihuj\u00fa tieto tri charakteristiky:<\/p>

  • neur\u010dit\u00fd pr\u00e1vny pojem – dobr\u00e1 viera nie je v z\u00e1kone v\u017edy presne definovan\u00e1. Jej obsah sa \u010dasto vyklad\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom judikat\u00fary a pr\u00e1vnej praxe.<\/li>
  • subjekt\u00edvny faktor – posudzuje sa vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 presved\u010denie oznamovate\u013ea, a\u00a0to \u010di v \u010dase konania mal d\u00f4vod domnieva\u0165 sa, \u017ee obsah jeho ozn\u00e1menia je pravdiv\u00fd.<\/li>
  • prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a omyl, ale\u00a0netoleruje klamstvo – tento princ\u00edp chr\u00e1ni \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed v dobrej viere urobili chybu, ale nie t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed vedome \u0161\u00edria nepravdy.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Dobr\u00e1 viera v slovenskom z\u00e1kone<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Z\u00e1kon o ochrane oznamovate\u013eov (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 54\/2019 Z. z.) hovor\u00ed, \u017ee konan\u00edm v dobrej viere je konanie osoby, ktor\u00e1 sa vzh\u013eadom na okolnosti a vedomosti v\u00a0\u010dase podania ozn\u00e1menia od\u00f4vodnene domnieva, \u017ee uv\u00e1dzan\u00e9 skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa pravdiv\u00e9. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade pochybnost\u00ed sa konanie pova\u017euje za konanie v dobrej viere, k\u00fdm sa nepreuk\u00e1\u017ee opak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ochrana sa vz\u0165ahuje aj na oznamovate\u013eov, pri ktor\u00fdch sa nesk\u00f4r uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee sa m\u00fdlili, pokia\u013e mali pri ozn\u00e1men\u00ed opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd d\u00f4vod myslie\u0165 si, \u017ee hovoria pravdu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Naopak, ak sa preuk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee oznamovate\u013e z\u00e1merne podal ozn\u00e1menie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na nepravdiv\u00fdch faktoch, n\u00e1rok na ochranu str\u00e1ca a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee nies\u0165 n\u00e1sledky v\u00a0podobe obvinenia z\u00a0krivej v\u00fdpovede.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u010co hovor\u00ed o\u00a0dobrej viere E\u00da smernica<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Podobne ako slovensk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, aj eur\u00f3pska smernica o ochrane oznamovate\u013eov (2019\/1937) vy\u017eaduje, aby sa oznamovate\u013e od\u00f4vodnene domnieval, \u017ee inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 nahl\u00e1sil, s\u00fa pravdiv\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee mot\u00edvy oznamovate\u013ea sa nesk\u00famaj\u00fa. Ochrana sa pod\u013ea smernice nem\u00e1 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 osobe, ktor\u00e1 vedome a z\u00e1merne nahl\u00e1si falo\u0161n\u00e9 \u010di zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face inform\u00e1cie. Naopak, ak sa oznamovate\u013e m\u00fdlil, ale konal v dobrej viere, o ochranu neprich\u00e1dza.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Pravdiv\u00fd obsah <\/strong>> \u0161\u013eachetn\u00fd z\u00e1mer<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pod\u013ea slovenskej aj eur\u00f3pskej pr\u00e1vnej \u00fapravy teda oznamovate\u013e fal\u0161ovan\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov z\u00a0\u00favodu \u010dl\u00e1nku konal v\u00a0dobrej viere, preto\u017ee jeho ozn\u00e1menie bolo pravdiv\u00e9. To, \u017ee jeho hlavn\u00fdm mot\u00edvom neboli u\u0161\u013eachtil\u00e9 ciele, ako napr\u00edklad ochrana verejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu, je druhorad\u00e9. Pri vy\u0161etrovan\u00ed sa jeho motiv\u00e1cie sk\u00fama\u0165 nebud\u00fa a\u00a0o\u00a0n\u00e1rok na ochranu nepr\u00edde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    V\u00a0pr\u00edpade, ak by si zamestnanec myslel, \u017ee kolega manipuluje s certifik\u00e1tmi, ale v skuto\u010dnosti len zle pochopil proces \u2013 konal v dobrej viere.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Naopak, ak by vedel, \u017ee certifik\u00e1ty s\u00fa v poriadku a napriek tomu by podal ozn\u00e1menie na kolegu s\u00a0cie\u013eom u\u0161kodi\u0165 mu, bolo by to pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za konanie v zlej viere.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \u010co z\u00a0toho pre n\u00e1s vypl\u00fdva? <\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Zhr\u0148me si to e\u0161te raz: dobr\u00e1 viera pri whistleblowingu neznamen\u00e1 ma\u0165 dobr\u00fd \u00famysel, ale ma\u0165 dobr\u00fd d\u00f4vod myslie\u0165 si, \u017ee nahl\u00e1sen\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa pravdiv\u00e9. Preto v\u017edy rozhoduj\u00fa fakty, nie motiv\u00e1cie oznamovate\u013ea. Posudzovanie konania s\u00a0oh\u013eadom na dobr\u00fa vieru chr\u00e1ni poctiv\u00fdch, aj ak sa m\u00fdlia, ale nie t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed \u00famyselne klam\u00fa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre oznamovate\u013eov:<\/p>

    • Zamerajte sa na fakty a d\u00f4kazy<\/li>
    • Uv\u00e1dzajte to, \u010do s\u00a0istotou viete, nie len svoje domnienky<\/li>
    • Nebojte sa omylu \u2013 ak ste konali v dobrej viere, z\u00e1kon v\u00e1s chr\u00e1ni<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Praktick\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre organiz\u00e1cie:<\/p>

      • Neposudzujte oznamovate\u013eov pod\u013ea motiv\u00e1cie<\/li>
      • Zamerajte sa len na overenie pravdivosti tvrden\u00ed z ozn\u00e1menia<\/li>
      • Zav\u00e1dzajte jasn\u00e9 a transparentn\u00e9 postupy preverovania<\/li>
      • Chr\u00e1\u0148te oznamovate\u013eov pred odvetou, aj ke\u010f m\u00e1te pochybnosti o\u00a0mot\u00edvoch ich ozn\u00e1men\u00ed – je to va\u0161a z\u00e1konn\u00e1 povinnos\u0165.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Predstavte si, \u017ee vo va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ci dostanete anonymn\u00fd e-mail s\u00a0inform\u00e1ciou, \u017ee jeden zo zamestnancov fal\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty produktov. Nesk\u00f4r sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee e-mail poslal in\u00fd kolega, ktor\u00fd s n\u00edm m\u00e1 dlhodob\u00fd konflikt a\u00a0obvinen\u00edm mu chcel u\u0161kodi\u0165. Dokonca sa povr\u00e1va, \u017ee by ho r\u00e1d nahradil na jeho pracovnej poz\u00edcii. Ot\u00e1zka znie: m\u00e1 by\u0165 ozn\u00e1menie ignorovan\u00e9 len […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality","category-blogy"],"yoast_head":"\nKonanie v\u00a0dobrej viere neznamen\u00e1 s\u00a0dobr\u00fdm \u00famyslom<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Predstavte si, \u017ee vo va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ci dostanete anonymn\u00fd e-mail s inform\u00e1ciou, \u017ee jeden zo zamestnancov fal\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty produktov. Nesk\u00f4r sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee e-mail poslal in\u00fd kolega, ktor\u00fd s n\u00edm m\u00e1 dlhodob\u00fd konflikt a obvinen\u00edm mu chcel u\u0161kodi\u0165. 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